This comprehensive guide to Alabama traffic laws provides plain-English explanations of the most commonly searched driving rules in the Heart of Dixie. From double yellow line regulations to school bus stop requirements, speed limits, DUI penalties, and right-of-way rules—every section references the official Alabama Code Title 32 (Motor Vehicles and Traffic) and guidance from the Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT). This is not legal advice; always obey posted signs, signals, and directions from law enforcement officers.
Alabama roadways require strict adherence to lane markings, signals, and right-of-way rules to ensure safety.
Alabama Double Yellow Line Rules & Lane Marking Laws
Alabama Code § 32-5A-88: No-Passing Zone Regulations
In Alabama, double solid yellow centerlines designate a no-passing zone for traffic traveling in both directions. According to Alabama Code § 32-5A-88, drivers must not cross double yellow lines to pass or overtake another vehicle. These markings are placed on hills, curves, intersections, and other locations where passing creates a significant safety hazard. Violating this rule can result in fines ranging from $100 to $300, plus 2-3 points on your Alabama driving record, depending on local jurisdiction and court discretion.
When Crossing Double Yellow Lines is Legal in Alabama
Alabama law recognizes specific exceptions where drivers may legally cross double solid yellow lines. The most common exceptions include:
Left turns into driveways or private roads: You may cross when it is safe to turn left into a driveway, alley, or private property entrance.
Avoiding obstacles: Temporary obstructions such as fallen debris, stalled vehicles, or construction equipment may require briefly crossing the centerline when no oncoming traffic is present.
Official directions: When directed by law enforcement, traffic control personnel, or emergency responders, you must follow their instructions even if it requires crossing yellow lines.
These exceptions do not permit passing slow-moving vehicles or bypassing traffic congestion. The maneuver must be necessary, brief, and executed only when the opposing lane is clear and safe to enter.
Single Solid Yellow vs. Broken Yellow Combinations
On Alabama roads, you may encounter solid yellow paired with broken (dashed) yellow lines. In this configuration, the side with the broken yellow line may pass when it is safe to do so. The side with thesolid yellow line must not pass. Always check your side of the centerline before attempting any passing maneuver. These combinations are common on rural two-lane highways where sight distance varies.
Painted Median Barriers: Double-Double Yellow Lines
Some Alabama urban corridors use two sets of double yellow lines—sometimes called a "painted median" or "flush median." This marking functions as a barrier zone. You must not drive on, cross, or turn across the painted median except at clearly marked openings designed for left turns. Treat these zones like physical medians. For more details, see our guide on two sets of double yellow lines.
In Alabama, double yellow lines prohibit passing but allow left turns into driveways when safe.
Alabama Right Turn on Red & Traffic Signal Rules
Alabama Code § 32-5A-32: Right on Red After Full Stop
Alabama permits drivers to make a right turn on red after coming to a complete stop at the stop line, crosswalk, or intersection, unless a sign specifically prohibits it. Before turning, you must:
Stop fully behind the stop line or marked crosswalk
Yield to pedestrians in the crosswalk or entering the intersection
Yield to all vehicles and cyclists with the right-of-way
Check for "NO TURN ON RED" signs, which may apply at all times or only during specific hours
Rolling through the stop or blocking the crosswalk is a common citation. Red-light cameras at many Alabama intersections capture violations, and tickets typically range from $75 to $150 plus court costs.
No Turn on Red Signs & Time-Based Restrictions
Some Alabama intersections prohibit right turns on red during peak hours, school zones, or pedestrian-heavy areas. Always read the supplemental plaques beneath the sign. For example, "NO TURN ON RED 7-9 AM / 4-6 PM MON-FRI" means the turn is legal outside those windows. If you are uncertain, wait for the green signal.
Left Turn on Red in Alabama (Limited Scenarios)
Unlike some states, Alabama does not broadly permit left turns on red. However, certain municipalities may allow left on red from a one-way street onto another one-way street where specifically signed. This is rare in Alabama; the default assumption should be that left on red is prohibited unless you see explicit signage permitting it. For general guidance, see our article on left turn on red from one-way to one-way.
Yellow Light Duration & Dilemma Zones
Alabama traffic signals follow ALDOT and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) standards for yellow (amber) light timing, typically 3-6 seconds depending on the speed limit and intersection size. If you are already in the intersection when the light turns red, complete your maneuver safely. Entering on yellow is legal if you cannot stop safely; entering on red is a violation.
Red Light Camera Enforcement in Alabama Cities
Cities including Birmingham, Montgomery, Mobile, and Huntsville have used red-light camera programs. Alabama Code § 32-5A-191.3 governs automated enforcement. Fines for red-light camera violations are typically $100-$150, and many municipalities add administrative fees. Review your citation carefully and note the deadline for payment or court appearance.
Defending Against Red Light Violations
Common defenses include proving a full stop was made before the turn, demonstrating that the yellow interval was too short, or showing that road conditions (wet pavement, emergency vehicle) made stopping unsafe. Consulting a traffic attorney is advisable if you intend to contest the citation in court.
Always stop fully and yield to pedestrians before making a right turn on red in Alabama.
Alabama School Bus Stop Laws & Penalties
Alabama Code § 32-5A-154: Stopping for School Buses
When a school bus activates its flashing red lights and extends the stop arm, Alabama law requires all traffic to stop. The specific rules depend on the road configuration:
Undivided roads (no median): All vehicles traveling in both directions must stop at least 20 feet from the bus and remain stopped until the lights stop flashing and the arm retracts.
Divided highways (raised median or barrier): Only traffic traveling in the same direction as the bus must stop. Opposing traffic may proceed with caution.
Multi-lane roads without a median: All lanes in both directions must stop. A painted center turn lane or double yellow does not count as a physical divider.
Passing a stopped school bus is one of Alabama's most serious traffic violations due to the risk to children. Penalties include fines up to $500 for a first offense, possible license suspension, and criminal charges if a child is injured or killed.
Flashing Yellow Lights vs. Flashing Red Lights
School buses in Alabama first activate flashing yellow lights to warn drivers that the bus is preparing to stop. You should slow down and prepare to stop but are not yet required to do so. Once thered lights begin flashing and the stop arm extends, you must stop. Do not proceed until all signals are deactivated.
Increased Fines in School Zones During Active Hours
Alabama law allows municipalities to establish school zones with reduced speed limits (typically 15-25 mph) during school arrival and dismissal times. Fines for speeding in active school zones are often doubled. Signs reading "SCHOOL ZONE / SPEED LIMIT 20 WHEN FLASHING" indicate when the reduced limit applies. For more on school zone safety, review our school bus stop laws guide.
Reporting Violations & Camera Enforcement on Buses
Some Alabama school districts equip buses with cameras to record vehicles that illegally pass. Video evidence can be used to issue citations. If you witness a dangerous pass, note the vehicle description, license plate, time, and location, then report it to local law enforcement or the school district transportation office.
On undivided roads, all traffic must stop for a school bus with flashing red lights and extended stop arm.
Alabama Speed Limit Laws & Enforcement
Alabama Code § 32-5A-171: Basic Speed Rule
Alabama's basic speed law requires drivers to operate at speeds reasonable and prudent for current conditions. Even when traveling at or below the posted limit, you can be cited if your speed is unsafe for weather, traffic density, road surface, or visibility. Conversely, driving too slowly can also be a violation if it impedes the normal flow of traffic (Alabama Code § 32-5A-176).
Default Speed Limits in Alabama
When no signs are posted, Alabama's default speed limits are:
Residential areas: 25-30 mph (varies by municipality)
Unpaved roads: 35 mph
Two-lane state highways: 55 mph
Four-lane divided highways: 65 mph
Interstate highways: 70 mph (rural areas may permit up to 70 mph; urban areas often 55-65 mph)
Always adjust your speed for conditions. Posted limits represent the maximum safe speed under ideal conditions, not a target or minimum.
Work Zone Speed Reductions & Penalties
Alabama doubles fines for speeding in active work zones where workers are present. Signs reading "WORK ZONE / FINES DOUBLED" signal these areas. Typical speeding fines in Alabama range from $20-$200 depending on how much you exceed the limit; in work zones, a 15-over ticket could cost $300-$400 after court fees.
School Zone Speed Limits in Alabama
School zones typically enforce 15-25 mph limits when children are present or during posted hours. Flashing beacons or electronic signs indicate when the reduced limit is active. Some school zones use time-based plaques (e.g., "SCHOOL DAYS 7-9 AM / 2-4 PM"), while others rely on flashing lights. Always slow down when you see children near the road, even if the zone is not officially active.
Speeding Penalties & Point System
Alabama uses a point system administered by the Alabama Law Enforcement Agency (ALEA). Speeding violations add:
1-25 mph over limit: 2 points
26+ mph over limit: 5 points
Reckless driving: 6 points
Accumulating 12-14 points in a two-year period results in license suspension. Drivers can attend a state-approved defensive driving course to remove up to 2 points once every two years.
Radar & Laser Enforcement: Legal Considerations
Alabama law enforcement uses radar, LIDAR (laser), and pacing to measure speed. Radar detector devices arelegal for passenger vehicles in Alabama (not legal for commercial vehicles over 10,000 lbs). However, using a detector does not exempt you from speed limits. Officers must be trained and certified on their equipment; you may request calibration records if contesting a speeding ticket.
Alabama DUI & Impaired Driving Laws
Alabama Code § 32-5A-191: Driving Under the Influence
In Alabama, it is illegal to operate a motor vehicle with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of0.08% or higher (0.02% for drivers under 21, and 0.04% for commercial drivers). Even if your BAC is below the legal limit, you can still be charged with DUI if the officer determines that alcohol or drugs have impaired your ability to drive safely.
First-Offense DUI Penalties in Alabama
A first-time DUI conviction in Alabama carries:
Fines up to $2,100
Jail time: Up to 1 year (though many first offenses result in probation or suspended sentences)
License suspension: 90 days (restricted license may be available after 30 days)
Mandatory DUI education or treatment programs
Possible ignition interlock device requirement
Penalties increase sharply for repeat offenses, high BAC levels (0.15% or above), or DUI incidents involving accidents, injuries, or minors in the vehicle.
Implied Consent & Chemical Testing Refusal
Under Alabama's implied consent law (Alabama Code § 32-5-192), by driving on Alabama roads you automatically consent to chemical testing (breath, blood, or urine) if lawfully arrested for DUI. Refusing the test results in an automatic 90-day license suspension for a first refusal, and longer for subsequent refusals. Refusal can also be used as evidence against you in court.
Ignition Interlock Devices & Restricted Licenses
Alabama law allows or requires ignition interlock devices (IID) for certain DUI offenders. An IID prevents the vehicle from starting unless the driver provides a breath sample below the programmed limit (typically 0.02% BAC). Drivers may apply for a restricted license with an IID after 30 days of a suspension, allowing them to drive to work, school, or medical appointments.
Alabama Pedestrian & Crosswalk Laws
Alabama Code § 32-5A-210: Pedestrian Right-of-Way
In Alabama, drivers must yield to pedestrians in marked and unmarked crosswalks at intersections. Anunmarked crosswalk is the extension of the sidewalk across the roadway at any intersection, even when no painted lines are present. Failure to yield to a pedestrian in a crosswalk can result in fines of $25-$100 and 2 points on your license.
Mid-Block Crosswalks & Pedestrian Signals
Some Alabama cities install mid-block crosswalks with pedestrian-activated signals (rectangular rapid-flashing beacons or standard signals). When the signal is activated or the pedestrian is in the crosswalk, vehiclesmust stop and remain stopped until the pedestrian has completely crossed your lane and the adjacent lane.
Jaywalking & Pedestrian Responsibilities
Pedestrians are required to use crosswalks where provided and must obey traffic signals. Crossing mid-block or against a signal (jaywalking) is a violation, though enforcement is inconsistent. Drivers should still exercise caution and avoid striking pedestrians even if they are jaywalking—Alabama follows a "comparative negligence" standard in accident cases.
Vulnerable Road User Laws & Enhanced Penalties
Alabama has considered vulnerable road user (VRU) legislation to increase penalties for drivers who injure or kill pedestrians, cyclists, or motorcyclists due to negligence. While comprehensive VRU laws have not been fully enacted statewide as of 2025, local jurisdictions may impose enhanced fines or charges in cases involving serious injury or death. Always give pedestrians and cyclists extra space and attention.
This guide summarizes common Alabama traffic rules based on state statutes and ALDOT guidance. It is not legal advice. Always follow posted signs, signals, and instructions from law enforcement. Consult an attorney for specific legal questions or if you are facing traffic citations.
